Graphics Cards and Motherboards

3dfx Voodoo Graphics

3dfx'southward Voodoo Graphics is the image of iconic PC GPUs. Turning its back on 2nd applications, 3dfx concentrated on 3D workloads, creating split framebuffer (PixelFX) and texture mapping (TexelFX) chips with their own 64-bit retention interfaces and admission to contained retention (ordinarily 2MB each), bringing an effective 128-fleck I/O and enabling the Voodoo to pump out impressive fillrates.

The two-chip arroyo also immune relatively piece of cake scaling for more circuitous and capable cards. In addition to the raw processing ability of its boards, 3dfx besides moved to ensure that its proprietary API Glide (basically a stripped down OpenGL devoid of non-gaming features), was incorporated into many of the prominent gaming titles of the twenty-four hour period, notably Tomb Raider, MechWarrior 2, Descent, and Myth, likewise as the Quake and Serious Sam franchises, Hexen II, SiN, and Half-Life through a miniGL driver. Glide would requite a prodigious reward to an already powerful architecture.

Quantum3D Obsidian2 X-24

If the early Voodoo Graphics is a subject of awe, then its Quantum3D incarnations are the stuff of legend. Quantum3D was formed from a partnership betwixt 3dfx, SGI, and Gemini Technology aimed primarily at professional visualization graphics and arcade gaming. Quantum3D would also enter the high-end consumer graphics market with its Obsidian range. Of these, SLI on a single card is the best remembered, the Obsidian2 X-24 beingness the well-nigh memorable of this line.

The Obsidian2 X-24 was relatively affordable by Quantum3D standards at around $650, excluding a cooling fan and 2d daughterboard. Equally a single card, the 10.v" long behemoth comprised the hardware of two Voodoo2 cards on the same PCB with the same scaling backdrop. It got a lot more than comfy to game at 1024x768 or even 1280x1024, which was well beyond the range of the contest when the cards launched in March 1998, albeit limited to the mean solar day's de facto standard of 16-fleck color.

Nvidia GeForce 256

Nvidia coined the term Graphics Processing Unit of measurement (GPU) with the advent of the GeForce 256 menu, primarily to distinguish the fact that transform and lighting ciphering was now undertaken by the graphics flake rather than the much slower, less parallelized CPU, which resulted in more intensive vertex calculations and in lower incidences of rendering stalls due to an overwhelmed CPU.

This allowed for more than circuitous wireframe modeling and college polygon counts, and in turn, more complex and realistic structures.

In its original guise, the GeForce 256 wasn't a massive spring in performance over the incumbent champ of the day, the Matrox G400 MAX. What the GeForce 256 did provide was consistency. The G400 MAX was having OpenGL problems, ATI's Rage Fury MAXX didn't fully utilize its hardware, and the Voodoo 3'due south was tied heavily to the Glide API. The original 256's functioning was also held back due to the use of single data charge per unit (SDR) RAM, just once the DDR version launched a couple of months later, the 256 extended its performance lead thanks to the increased internal bandwidth.

AMD Radeon 9700 Pro

2001 and the bulk of 2002 hadn't been an specially kind time for ATI. The Rage 6 (R100-based) cards soldiered on well past their use-by appointment and the succeeding R200-based Radeon 8500 was all too quickly passed in performance by the clock-boosted GeForce3 Ti 500, then further marginalized when the GeForce4 Ti arrived four months later in February 2002.

Half-dozen long months subsequently, ATI showed its new R300 compages and the resulting $399 flagship Radeon 9700 Pro annihilated Nvidia'south current lineup. A 30-40% margin in heavily CPU-dependent situations ballooned to 60-70% or more at higher resolutions with antialiasing and anisotropic filtering involved. Such was the forcefulness of the design that Nvidia's NV30-based cards which launched five months later on were still barely competitive with the R300.

Nvidia GeForce 8800 GTX

Once the discrete GPU market place had been effectively reduced to two vendors, both ATI and Nvidia seemed content with incremental advancements -- partly the result of DirectX's slow evolution and the limits imposed by the fabrication procedure. The G80 that powered Nvidia's GeForce 8800 GTX was iv years and $475 million in the making, spearheaded Nvidia'south GPGPU initiative, marked the start of Nvidia'southward infatuation with monolithic GPUs, and crushed all before it in gaming performance.

As a testament to Nvidia's initial blueprint, AMD didn't field a more than powerful GPU for eighteen months and Nvidia'southward own successor, the 9800GTX, was barely the 8800GTX's equal. The 8800 GTX was the very definition of a halo product. Relatively few could beget the $600 toll tag, but the impact of the card and its 2 bottom GTS siblings were enough to boost Nvidia'southward discrete graphics market share by over xx% in half dozen months, enough to ensure that the Santa Clara visitor outsold AMD two to one.

Motherboards

Intel Advanced ATX/Baseboard

Remembered less for its utilitarian proper name than the characteristic-set up it brought to mainboard design, the Socket 7-equipped Intel Advanced ATX/Baseboard had many firsts: it was the start ATX board, kickoff board with a southbridge (PIIX) that allowed E-IDE hard drives to initiate transactions across the information double-decker (Jitney Mastering or first-party DMA), and get-go Intel consumer chipset (430FX Triton) with EDO RAM support, previously the province of professional person systems. Video output was handled by an S3 Trio PCI graphics controller. The board'southward introduction in early 1995 signaled Intel'south arrival as a serious contender to the third party chipset vendors who up until then supplied the ICs for the consumer mainboard business, notably Acer Labs (ALi), Sister, and VIA.

Asus Republic of Gamers Crosshair

Asus' Republic of Gamers brand includes many notable products, including most of its mainboards. The lineage that includes the Rampage, Maximus, Commando, Striker, and Rush began with the Crosshair.

Based on the Nvidia 590 SLI chipset, the Crosshair combined all the hallmarks of the modern enthusiast board: extensive accessories, comprehensive (if non overly complicated by DFI standards) and overclocking-friendly BIOS, a rich characteristic-set including onboard power, reset and clear CMOS buttons, and attention to item from the packaging to the exemplary performance and stability. Every bit with its shortly to be released Striker Extreme (680i SLI) and Commando (P965) siblings, the Crosshair featured a rear I/O LCD post diagnostic display and discrete SupremeFX sound bill of fare.

Abit BP6

Intel's D5400XS Skulltrail and EVGA's SR-2 dual socket motherboards caused no small corporeality of salivating amongst the benchmarking customs when they were introduced. Curious hybrids of workstation and ultra-enthusiast consumer board, with implementation that owes much to the Abit BP6, a board that came equipped with dual Socket 370 Mendocino-based Celeron processor support.

The BP6 made use of the Celeron's underlying symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) ability in the days before processor makers segmented their lineups by blowing fuses in the silicon to disable features. Additionally, the BP6 also featured Intel's fine 440BX (Seattle) chipset, and additional IDE controller, and of course, BIOS based overclocking via the ABIT Soft Menu II utility.

MSI MS-6167, DFI LANParty NFII Ultra, Abit NF7-S, Asus A7N8X Palatial

AMD moved to its ain in-house designs for processors, chipsets and socket pinouts as part of the fallout from Intel's campaign to go rid of competitors using its architecture in the marketplace. The Athlon (K7) represented the first time that AMD had completely severed ties with the Intel machine (the previous K6 series were still pivot uniform with Intel Socket five and 7).

Many motherboard vendors feared the potential wrath of Intel and/or the potential turn a profit line from a smaller presence in the market that AMD commanded. Existence a peripheral player in the Intel motherboard business, MSI released its MS-6167 lath to fiddling fanfare. Despite initial stability and AGP motorcoach bug with the AMD-750 "Irongate" chipset when it launched in August 1999 (largely resolved by the years cease), and lack of overclocking features, the MS-6167 bought solid and affordable performance thanks to the Athlon 500-700 CPUs.

The introduction of Nvidia's nForce2 chipset brought a wave of summit AMD Socket A boards in both nForce2 SPP and Ultra 400 guises. Three boards would stand up out for all round performance, stability, overclockability, and long-term reliability: the DFI LANParty NFII Ultra -- an overclocker'due south fantasy in lime dark-green and black-- equally well equally the Abit NF7-S and Asus A7N8X Deluxe. The combination of an AMD Athlon processor and Nvidia chipset with SoundStorm APU (Audio Processing Unit) provided plenty of features and functioning.

Special Mention (RAM):

Micron D9GMH and D9GKX Memory IC Chip

Despite being an integral part of whatsoever PC, RAM tends to be largely generic, distinguished by outlandish heatspreaders of dubious functionality.

While most memory every bit footling to differentiate itself besides external advent and visitor support, ane memory IC triggered what amounted to an enthusiast treasure hunt in the center of the last decade.

With the possibility of a l% overclock, Micron'south D9 retentivity IC chip -- more than precisely the D9GMH (B6-iii) and D9GKX (B6-25E) -- could be found under the heatspreaders of many reasonably priced DDR2-800 kits including Micron's own Crucial Ballistix series as well as those from Transcend, Yard.Skill, Cellshock, and Buffalo's Firestix, not to mention Corsair'south mitt-binned Dominator DDR2-1111/-1142/-1250 kits.